DIY Metal Detector using Arduino A Simple Guide to Building Your Own at Home

 DIY Metal Detector using Arduino A Simple Guide to Building Your Own at Home

How does a metal detector work?

As we can see there are three things that are using to complete the whole project. Electronic circuit, Arduino, and a copper coil. here actually we are making a proximity sensor that detects the metal with a metal detector  using Arduino.

Here are the steps to build a DIY metal detector using an Arduino:

Materials required:

• Arduino UNO
• Copper coil
• Diode
• 10nf capacitor
• Buzzer
• Led
• 220 ohm &  330 Ohm Resistor
• Jumper wires and a breadboard
• USB cable for uploading the code

Circuit Diagram Arduino metal detector:- 

Arduino UNO	10 nf Capacitor
A2 Pin	Terminal 1
GND	Terminal 2
Arduino UNO	Buzzer
D6 Pin	Positive
GND	Negative

Arduino	LED	220 Ohm Resistor
D5 Pin		Terminal 1
	Anode Pin	Terminal 2
GND	Cathode Pin

Arduino UNO	Copper coil	Diode	330-ohm res
	Terminal 1	Terminal 1	Terminal 1
A1 Pin			Terminal 2
A2 Pin		Terminal 2
GND	Terminal 2

metal Detector Arduino Code:- 

#define capPin A5
#define buz 9
#define pulsePin A4

#define led 10

long sumExpect=0; //running sum of 64 sums 
long ignor=0;   //number of ignored sums
long diff=0;        //difference between sum and avgsum
long pTime=0;
long buzPeriod=0; 

void setup() 
{
  Serial.begin(9600);
  pinMode(pulsePin, OUTPUT); 
  digitalWrite(pulsePin, LOW);
  pinMode(capPin, INPUT);  
  pinMode(buz, OUTPUT);
  digitalWrite(buz, LOW);
  pinMode(led, OUTPUT);
}

void loop() 
{
  int minval=1023;
  int maxval=0;
  long unsigned int sum=0;
  for (int i=0; i<256; i++)
  {
    //reset the capacitor
    pinMode(capPin,OUTPUT);
    digitalWrite(capPin,LOW);
    delayMicroseconds(20);
    pinMode(capPin,INPUT);
    applyPulses();
    
    //read the charge of capacitor
    int val = analogRead(capPin); //takes 13x8=104 microseconds
    minval = min(val,minval);
    maxval = max(val,maxval);
    sum+=val;
    
    long unsigned int cTime=millis();
    char buzState=0;
    if (cTime<pTime+10) { if (diff>0)
        buzState=1;
      else if(diff<0) buzState=2; } if (cTime>pTime+buzPeriod)
    {
      if (diff>0)
      buzState=1;
      else if (diff<0) buzState=2; pTime=cTime; } if (buzPeriod>300)
    buzState=0;

    if (buzState==0)
    {
      digitalWrite(led, LOW);
      noTone(buz);
    }  
    else if (buzState==1)
    {
      tone(buz,100);
      digitalWrite(led, HIGH);
    }
    
    else if (buzState==2)
    {
      tone(buz,500);
      digitalWrite(led, HIGH);
    }
  }

  //subtract minimum and maximum value to remove spikes
  sum-=minval; 
  sum-=maxval;
  
  if (sumExpect==0) 
  sumExpect=sum<<6; //set sumExpect to expected value 
  long int avgsum=(sumExpect+32)>>6; 
  diff=sum-avgsum;
  if (abs(diff)>10)
  {
    sumExpect=sumExpect+sum-avgsum;
    ignor=0;
  } 
  else 
    ignor++;
  if (ignor>64)
  { 
    sumExpect=sum<<6;
    ignor=0;
  }
  if (diff==0) 
    buzPeriod=1000000;
  else 
  buzPeriod=avgsum/(2*abs(diff));    
}

void applyPulses()
{
    for (int i=0;i<3;i++) 
    {
      digitalWrite(pulsePin,HIGH); //take 3.5 uS
      delayMicroseconds(3);
      digitalWrite(pulsePin,LOW);  //take 3.5 uS
      delayMicroseconds(3);
    }
}  

DIY Metal Detector using Arduino A Simple Guide to Building Your Own at Home